The Islamic School encompasses the art styles of the Islamic-influenced regions. Works from this school of art range from decorated ceramics, ornate buildings, and elaborately decorated carpets to the ever-popular and respected art of book illumination. Although the sphere of influence of Islam at times spanned areas as far apart as Moorish Andalusia or Far Eastern India, some features characteristic of this school developed thanks to constant exchanges, although the respective regions naturally have their own peculiarities.
One important peculiarity that influenced the artistic style of many of the areas in the Near East and North Africa over time and space was the restraint in the pictorial representation of living beings. Especially in religious contexts, this so-called "prohibition of images" is conspicuous, which - even if it is not directly based on statements of the Koran - was spread by theological and legal efforts. For this reason, the focus was mainly on the development of other forms of decoration.
A central form of design in the Islamic influenced regions is the ornament. Typical patterns of Islamic art include, on the one hand, plant patterns such as leaves and tendrils - called "arabesques" - and, on the other hand, geometric shapes, often consisting of repeating angular or circular segments, often arranged symmetrically. Such ornamental decorations are found, for example, in architecture as tile patterns or mosaics and in illuminated pages of Arabic manuscripts.
Another very common characteristic of Islamic art is the decoration with calligraphic Arabic lettering. The art of calligraphy was highly valued practically at all times, and the employment of the best calligraphers was considered a status symbol in the courts of Islamic rulers. The different script styles that developed over time in the regions of the Islamic world - for example, the angular Kufic script from Iraq, or the sweeping Maghrebi script - represent characteristic regional peculiarities. Calligraphic decorations can be found in all areas of art, whether as architectural inscriptions, textile embroidery, or independent works of art.
Despite the rejection of figurative representations, pictorial illustrations of humans and animals also occur in Islamic art. Historically, the absence of images is seen more in the Arabic tradition, while they found frequent use, for example, in the Persian, Turkish or Indian traditions, and through their influence also reached the more Arabic areas of the Islamic countries. Persian miniature painting in particular is a prominent source of such illustrations of people and animals, with the help of which a variety of literary works - often poems or mythological representations - were artfully enlivened.
Even though many of the works of art decorated in this way were lost in the course of the long history of their creation, countless examples of this style, even centuries old, are still in circulation. Moreover, even in more recent works, the traditional features of Islamic art continue to be used, keeping alive the typical decorative forms of this school.
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.jpg "The Persian Prince Humay Meeting the Chinese Princess Humayun in a Garden by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Marriage of the Three Daughters of Sero, King of Yemen. Persian miniature from")
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_cubic_building_located_in_th_-_(MeisterDrucke-981965).jpg "Islamic Art: View of Mecca and Kaaba by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Merchant from Isfahan Flying, from")
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.jpg "Seljuk style Koran with coloured inscriptions and decorative counting medallions in the margins, 12-13th century by Islamic School")
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_(in_the_middle)_teaching_8_other_physicians_including_G_-_(MeisterDrucke-427450).jpg "Pythagoras teaching 8 other physicians including Galen and Andromachus, illustration from an arabic translation of De materia medica by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Poet Singer, Musicians and Singers, from the")
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.jpg "A Giraffe, from")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: A Sultan and His Court. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem Shahnameh (Book of Kings) by Ferdowsi (ca. 940-around 1020) Around 1330 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Arabic medicine: blood circulation and digestive system by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-443206).jpg "Door of the madrasa of Sultan al-Zahir Barquq (detail) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: View of Damascus with The Great Mosque of the Umayyads of Damascus (705-715). Anonymous Syrian painting of the 17th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Design for an automaton, from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1034407).jpg "The Umayyad Mosque, also Known as the Great Mosque of Damascus by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-422144).jpg "Kufic calligraphy from a Koran manuscript by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Constellations of Andromeda and Perseus, illustration from")
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.jpg "Arabic medicine: blood circulation and digestive system by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Representation of the celestial globe, with zodiac signs and lunar divisions (nakshatra) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two Warriors on Horseback in Combat, School of Tabriz, c.1480 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Sack of Mecca and the Removal of the sacred Black Stone from the Kaaba by the Katmathians by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Rustam")
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.jpg "Illuminated pages of a Koran manuscript, Il-Khanid Mameluke School by Islamic School")
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_in_Turkey_16th_-_(MeisterDrucke-1002771).jpg "Islamic Art: Ceramic Plate Decorated from Iznik in Turkey by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Mechanical device for pouring water, illustration from the")
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_-_-_(MeisterDrucke-961558).jpg "Islamic Art: Drawing on parchment from the period of Fatimid - Game of sticks - Painting on papyrus - Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Canteen, from Syria or Northern Iraq, Ayyubid period, mid-13th century by Islamic School")
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_-_-_(MeisterDrucke-961559).jpg "Islamic Art: Drawing on parchment from the period of Fatimid - Scene of duel between two horsemen - Painting on papyrus - Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Cavalry Charge (from")
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_in_Medina_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-948306).jpg "Islamic Art: ceramic plaque depicting the tomb of Muhammad in Medina (present-day Saudi Arabia). Ceramic of the 16-17th century. Cairo, Museum of Islamic Arts. by Islamic School")
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_M_-_(MeisterDrucke-1024546).jpg "Islamic Representation of the Ascent of the Prophet Isa (Jesus). Miniature from the manuscript")
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.jpg "Mongols under the leadership of Hulagu Khan storming and capturing Baghdad in 1258, from the")
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_-_-_(MeisterDrucke-948304).jpg "Islamic Art: Drawing on parchment from the period of Fatimid (10-11th century) - Weighing foodstuffs - Painting on papyrus - Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Virgo, Libra and Scorpio, from")
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.jpg "Horse and rider, illustration from the")
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.jpg "The Dome of the Rock, built AD 692 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Nadir Divan-begi Madrasa, Bukhara, Uzbekistan by Islamic School")
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_looks_at_the_tent_of_Rostame_Persian_miniature_fro_-_(MeisterDrucke-970315).jpg "Sohrab looks at the tent of Rostam. Persian miniature from")
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_Isfahan_-_(MeisterDrucke-1000162).jpg "Detail of the Vault of the Shah Mosque (Also Known as Imam Mosque) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Woman Beseeching the Sultan, from")
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.jpg "The all-gold dome and minaret of the shrine of Imam Reza, with the Timurid Gowhar Shad Mosque behind by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1034406).jpg "The Umayyad Mosque, also Known as the Great Mosque of Damascus by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Illuminated pages from a manuscript of Hafez, Zand Period style, 1790 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Hunting Birds, from")
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.jpg "The Ascension of the Prophet Mohammed, Persian by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Gate of Al Hakam II (detail) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Medicinal plants for the theriac, from Treatise of Theriac after Galen, 1217 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two Castles in the Black Sea, One in Greece and One in Anatolia by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Constellations of Sagittarius and Capricorn, Illustration from")
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.jpg "Islamic Art:")
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.jpg "Open-air Feast, from a book of poems, 1554 by Islamic School")
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_the_Magnificent_in_1529_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-63426).jpg "Siege of Vienna by Suleyman I (1494-1566) the Magnificent, in 1529, from the")
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.jpg "Operation on a Horse, Illustration from the")
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.jpg "The dome of the Masjid-i-Sheikh Lutfallah, built by Shah Abbas I by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic representation of Adam and Eve by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Man Reading, illustration from")
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.jpg "Minai Bowl Depicting a Mounted Horseman Surrounded by a Floral Design by Islamic School")
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_the_Magnificent_in_1529_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-64996).jpg "Siege of Vienna by Suleyman I (1494-1566) the Magnificent, in 1529, from the")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1016297).jpg "Arab Baths of Jaén, hammam by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Sun disc depicting a king sitting cross-legged on a throne flanked by two angels in the centre, found at Ray, Iran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Sultan with his favourite accompanied by musicians and singers, c.1580 by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-996176).jpg "The Arches and Porticos of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Water Clock with Automated Figures, from")
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_f_-_(MeisterDrucke-961271).jpg "Islamic Art: glaze ceramic tile of type")
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.jpg "Islam: Manuscript Page of the Koran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islam: Illuminated Page with Text in Arabic from a Qur")
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.jpg "Bijene and Roham go to attack Firoud. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1000163).jpg "View of the Shah Mosque (Also Known as Imam Mosque) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Facade of the Shirdar Madrasa, Timurid period, Rigestan Square by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Miniature depicting a scene by the water by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Oriental Arts: Ceramic Tiles with Crescent Moon by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic representation of Adam and Eve hunts from Earth Paradise by Archangel Gabriel. Miniature from the manuscript")
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.jpg "Aniconic Representation of Muhammad Leading the Prophets into Heaven, 1874 by Islamic School")
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_in_front_of_the_kings_tent_Persian_miniature_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-951092).jpg "Islamic Art: Sohrab in front of the king")
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.jpg "A Bifolio Depicting Hunting Scenes by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Water Pump, from")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Chest Used to Store the Koran in Bronze with Silver Inlays by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Page from a Koran manuscript, illuminated by Mohammad ebn Aibak, Il-Khanid Period, early 14th century by Islamic School")
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_with_the_in_-_(MeisterDrucke-961564).jpg "Islamic Art: wall ceramic tile enamel type")
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.jpg "Plants from the Treatise of Theriac after Galen, 1217 by Islamic School")
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_by_Abul-Qasim_Manur_F_-_(MeisterDrucke-89639).jpg "Harem Scene, illustration from the")
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.jpg "Mausoleum of Gur-i-Amir and the Tomb of Tamerlan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan by Islamic School")
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_of_Al-Mughira_(Al_Mughira_or_Moughira)_in_ivory_from_Cordoba_and_in_-_(MeisterDrucke-1004438).jpg "Pyxide (Box) of Al-Mughira in Ivory from Cordoba, 968 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two pages from a Koran manuscript, illuminated by Mohammad ebn Aibak with calligraphy by Ahmad ebn Sohrevardi, Il-Khanid Period, early 14th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Page of a Falnama: Iman Reza Fights a Div by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Elephant Clock from a Book of the Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by al-Jazari, 1315 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Sam shoots an arrow to defend an enchanting castle. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem"){kind=icon}
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Large Ceramic Dish from Samarkand in Iran by Islamic School")
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_Ras_-_(MeisterDrucke-422731).jpg "Plate inscribed with the name of Sultan Al-Mujahid Saif-ud-din Ali Rasulid Dynasty, Yemen by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Facade of the Shirdar Madrasa, Timurid period, Rigestan Square by Islamic School")
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_Celebi_I_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-982756).jpg "Portrait of Ottoman Sultan Mehmet Celebi I (1389-1421). Thumbnail Around 1550. Paris, Louvre Museum by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Medical Consultation, from")
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.jpg "Islamic art: falconer rider dish in ceramic. The beginning of the 13th century. From Iran by Islamic School")
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