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Art can change history by confronting the public with reality. One example is the work of William Simpson. Together with the Times correspondent William Howard Russel and Thomas Chenery, William Simpson's lithographs from the Crimean War (1853- 56) contributed to a re-evaluation of the modern war in the European public. As allies of the decaying Ottoman Empire, the British Empire and France tried to stop Russia's continental expansion and became embroiled in one of the bloodiest colonial wars of the 19th century. Since the victory over Napoleon, British troops were no longer involved in such a war and considerable weaknesses were evident in the organisation of supplies and the provision of troops with the help of modern logistical instruments. During the first battles the British expeditionary corps won victories against the tsarist army, but proved unable to treat the wounded in the material battles adequately. Many soldiers died during the transport to the central military hospital, sometimes lasting weeks.
William Simpson accompanied and documented the failure and mismanagement of the British military leadership and caused a turn in public opinion with the comments of the Times journalists. But Simpson's career was anything but predetermined. Born in Glasgow, he did not start school until the age of 11. With discipline and a sense of mission, he continued to work through evening studies and became an apprentice in a lithography company. The rise of this art form was closely linked to the development of the mass media. Newspapers, magazines and journals demanded images to illustrate the written word. In 1854 Simpson was commissioned to make lithographs of the Crimean War according to reports. He convinced his clients that only local reporting would have a mass impact. When he arrived in Crimea, he was overwhelmed by the scenes and the suffering of the ordinary soldiers, who were victims of violence, but above all of the failure and incompetence of their own commanders. The face of the war and the violence had not changed, but what made the difference were the technical possibilities of telegraphy and the mass press, which allowed the public to have a new experience of the war. The images of wounded left alone, of emergency transports, dirt, illness and death, complemented the reports of people like Florence Nightingale, who became an icon of humanity in the Crimean War.
With the reputation he earned as an illustrator of the Crimean War, Simpson received commissions from magazines to report on similar events and to create a portfolio after his return. The next target was again a colonial conflict in the British Empire. In India, British colonial troops crushed the so-called Sepoy uprising with the most brutal force. In 1868 he was part of the Ethiopia expedition, a punitive mission against African tribal chiefs who had killed English missionaries. After further work as a war correspondent in the Franco-Prussian War of 1866 and the second Afghan War, Simpson retired from public life.
Art can change history by confronting the public with reality. One example is the work of William Simpson. Together with the Times correspondent William Howard Russel and Thomas Chenery, William Simpson's lithographs from the Crimean War (1853- 56) contributed to a re-evaluation of the modern war in the European public. As allies of the decaying Ottoman Empire, the British Empire and France tried to stop Russia's continental expansion and became embroiled in one of the bloodiest colonial wars of the 19th century. Since the victory over Napoleon, British troops were no longer involved in such a war and considerable weaknesses were evident in the organisation of supplies and the provision of troops with the help of modern logistical instruments. During the first battles the British expeditionary corps won victories against the tsarist army, but proved unable to treat the wounded in the material battles adequately. Many soldiers died during the transport to the central military hospital, sometimes lasting weeks.
William Simpson accompanied and documented the failure and mismanagement of the British military leadership and caused a turn in public opinion with the comments of the Times journalists. But Simpson's career was anything but predetermined. Born in Glasgow, he did not start school until the age of 11. With discipline and a sense of mission, he continued to work through evening studies and became an apprentice in a lithography company. The rise of this art form was closely linked to the development of the mass media. Newspapers, magazines and journals demanded images to illustrate the written word. In 1854 Simpson was commissioned to make lithographs of the Crimean War according to reports. He convinced his clients that only local reporting would have a mass impact. When he arrived in Crimea, he was overwhelmed by the scenes and the suffering of the ordinary soldiers, who were victims of violence, but above all of the failure and incompetence of their own commanders. The face of the war and the violence had not changed, but what made the difference were the technical possibilities of telegraphy and the mass press, which allowed the public to have a new experience of the war. The images of wounded left alone, of emergency transports, dirt, illness and death, complemented the reports of people like Florence Nightingale, who became an icon of humanity in the Crimean War.
With the reputation he earned as an illustrator of the Crimean War, Simpson received commissions from magazines to report on similar events and to create a portfolio after his return. The next target was again a colonial conflict in the British Empire. In India, British colonial troops crushed the so-called Sepoy uprising with the most brutal force. In 1868 he was part of the Ethiopia expedition, a punitive mission against African tribal chiefs who had killed English missionaries. After further work as a war correspondent in the Franco-Prussian War of 1866 and the second Afghan War, Simpson retired from public life.
.jpg "The Emperor of Austria Ascending the Great Pyramid, Egypt by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Golden Temple, Benares by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Second Charge of the Guards when they retook the Two Gun Battery at the Battle of Inkerman, engraved by Edmond Morin from The Seat of War in the East - First Series, published by Colnaghi by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Street in Bombay, from")
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.jpg "Sebastopol from the Sea, plate from The Seat of War in the East by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "One of the Wards of the Hospital at Scutari, from")
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.jpg "Indigo Factory - Bengal, from")
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_on_the_ward_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-361784).jpg "Hospital at Scutari, detail of Florence Nightingale on the ward, from The Seat of War in the East, pub. by Paul & Dominic Colnaghi & Co., 1856 (detail) by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Head of the Harbour, Sebastopol, plate from")
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.jpg "Bahr El Khabeer on The Great Sea: rockcut cisterns under the site of Solomons Temple, 1870 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Camp of the Third Division, Plate from")
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.jpg "Peshawar Market Scene, from")
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.jpg "The Maristan or Mosque-Hospital of Kalaun, Cairo by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Capture of the Malakoff Redoubt by the French, Siege of Sevastopol, 8 September 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Lord Raglans headquarters at Khutor-Karagatch by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Lighthouse at Cape Chersonese, plate from")
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.jpg "Past Days on the Persian Border, a Turkoman Raid, the Tower of Refuge by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "North Side of the Harbour of Sebastopol, plate from")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-202921).jpg "Rock-Cut Tunnel, Pools of Solomon, Near Bethlehem, 1872 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Gale off the Port of Balaklava, November 14th 1854, plate from")
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.jpg "Salt Lake - Thibet, from")
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.jpg "The Cavalry Affair of the Heights of Bulganak: the First Gun, plate from")
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.jpg "Pheel Khana, or Elephants Quarters, Holcars Camp, from")
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.jpg "The Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaklava, 1854 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Indian Woman Floating Lamps on the Ganges, from")
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.jpg "Tomb of Omar Khayyam, the Persian Poet, at Naishapur by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Battle of Balaclava on October 25, 1854. The Charge of the Light Brigade by William Crimea Simpson")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-43591).jpg "Elephant Battery, 1864 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The New Works at the Siege of Sebastopol on the Right Attack by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "After the Taking of Malakoff on 8th September 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Balaklava showing the state of the quays and the shipping, in May 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Railway at Balaklava looking South by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Plague in India, a Hindu Burning-Ground for Victims by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The interior of the Redan, taken from its left face looking towards the Salient angle, looking south by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Sebastopol from the Extreme Right of the Trench Attack, plate from")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-99442).jpg "Charge of the Light Cavalry Brigade, 25th October 1854, engraved by E. Walker, pub. by Colnaghi und Co, 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The cavalry affair of the heights of Bulganak - the first gun, 19 September 1854 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Sirdar Abdul Khalik Khan, Chief of Bezoot by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava, 25 October 1854 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Afghan War, Special Correspondents sleeping on the Battle-Field, Night before the Attack on Fort Ali Musjid by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Balaklava, looking towards the sea by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Interior of Lord Raglan")
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.jpg "One of the Wards of the Hospital at Scutari, 1856 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Charge of the Heavy Cavalry Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava on 25th October 1854, Engraved by E. Walker, pub. 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-148615).jpg "Gallery under Golden Gateway, Jerusalem by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Lake Vyrnwy, Montgomeryshire, North Wales, Formed by the Dam of Masonry Constructed for the New Liverpool Waterworks by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Valley of Baidar, from Rear Petroski")
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.jpg "The Burial of Lord Raglan Near Sevastopol, Crimea, Russia by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Balaclava. View onto the Sea by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Chitpore Road, from")
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.jpg "The Bastion du Mat, Sevastopol by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Sevastopol: A hot day on the batteries by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Tunnel under the Via Dolorosa, Jerusalem, 1869 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Sebastopol from the Sea, Engraved by T. Picken, from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-219667).jpg "The Gate of Huldah the Prophetess, Jerusalem, 1871 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Straits of Yenikale with the bay and town of Kertch from the old fortress of Yenikale by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Balaclava, 25th October 1854: The charge of the Light Brigade by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Praying Cylinders of Thibet, from")
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.jpg "Public Library and Temple of the Winds, plate from")
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.jpg "Excavated church in the caverns at Inkermann, looking west by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Second charge of the Guards, when they retook the two gun batteries at the Battle of Inkerman by William Crimea Simpson")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-432499).jpg "The River Chenab, Punjab, 1865 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Interior of the Malakoff, plate from")
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.jpg "Head of the Harbour, Sebastopol by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Lucknow, from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-159844).jpg "The Governor-General")
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.jpg "The Valley of the Shadow of Death, Caves in the Woronzoff Road, 1854 by William Crimea Simpson")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-171516).jpg "The Thug School of Industry, Jubbulpore, 1863 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Church in the rear of the Redan, looking north, showing the effects of shot and shell by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "A Hot Night in the Batteries, plate from")
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.jpg "Consecration of the Restored Schlosskirche at Wittenberg, by the German Emperor by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Attack on the Malakoff by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Prince of Wales and the Duke of York at the Royal Agricultural Society")
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.jpg "The Embarkation of the Sick at Balaklava, Plate from")
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.jpg "Sebastopol from the Rear of Fort Nicholas by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Fallen Voussoir of Robinson")
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.jpg "The Battle of Tcherneya, 16 August 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "The Village Well, from")
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.jpg "Ditch of the Malakoff, Battery Gervais, and rear of Redan by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Oodypure, from")
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.jpg "The Queen")
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.jpg "Charge of the Heavy Cavalry Brigade, 25 October 1854 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Two Bandits in the Hills, 1857 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Sikh Priest Reading the Grunth, Umritsar, from")
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.jpg "Kertch from the north by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Hindu Fakir, from")
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.jpg "A Doorway in Cairo, 1884 by William Crimea Simpson")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-177022).jpg "Crypt of the Church of St. Anne, Jerusalem, 1872 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Women Grinding Corn, from")
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.jpg "Bahr el Khabeer or the Great Sea Rock-cut cistern under the site of Solomon")
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.jpg "The Interior of the Redan Taken from Its Left Face by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Camp of the Naval Brigade, plate from")
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.jpg "Camp of the 4th Division, 15 July 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Balaklava Looking Towards the Sea, 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Ghelenjik, 6th October 1855 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Delhi - Jeweller, from")
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.jpg "Second Charge of the Guards at Inkerman, 5th November 1854, Plate from")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-578961).jpg "The Great Wall of China by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Commissariat Difficulties The Road from Balaklava to Sevastopol, at Kadikoi, During the Wet Weather, 1854 by William Crimea Simpson")
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.jpg "Camp of the naval brigade before Sebastopol by William Crimea Simpson")
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